Brussels sprouts thrive in cool climates, so select a location with full sunlight. They need at least 6 hours of sunlight each day and well-drained, fertile soil rich in organic matter for optimal growth.
You can start Brussels sprouts from seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost, or purchase young plants (transplants) from a nursery. If planting seeds, ensure the soil temperature is around 70°F (21°C) during germination.
Brussels sprouts prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0-7.0). Enrich the soil with compost or well-rotted manure to ensure it’s rich in nutrients. Make sure the soil is loose and well-drained to prevent root rot.
Once the soil has warmed and the threat of frost has passed, transplant your seedlings into the garden, spacing them about 18-24 inches apart. If you're sowing seeds, plant them ½ inch deep in rows, spaced 24 inches apart.
Brussels sprouts need consistent moisture, especially during dry spells. Water deeply and regularly, ensuring the soil remains moist but not waterlogged. Mulching around the plants can help retain moisture and reduce weeds.
Feed Brussels sprouts with a balanced fertilizer that’s high in nitrogen to promote healthy leaf and stem growth. Once the plants start forming sprouts, switch to a fertilizer higher in potassium and phosphorus to help with sprout development.
If your plants are crowded, thin them to allow for better airflow and space for the sprouts to grow. This will help reduce the risk of diseases and pests while ensuring each plant has ample room to develop.